Between 2001 and 2006 some urban centres experienced net in-migration of Aboriginal people while others experienced net out-migration. Overall, reserves experienced net in-migration over the same time period. This trend has been consistent over the last five census cycles.

In 2008, there were 615 First Nations/bands in Canada, comprising more than 50 nations or cultural groups. There are about 3,003 reserves of which about 30% are inhabited (Indian Lands Registry System as of December 31, 2008). Of the inhabited reserves, about three-quarters have fewer than 500 residents while only about 2% have more than 2,000 residents.

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